Method of combustion of oil and gas mixtures.



H. MAXIM.

METHOD OF COMBUSTION OF OIL AND GAS @HXTUBES.

AZPLIOATIGK FILED APR. 19, 1902 QTAQQ Patentsd N0 2. 29, mm

r Inn-lug H. MAXIM. METHOD n1" COMBUSTION OF OIL AND GAS MIXTURES.

' APPLIOATLIOE PILD APR.19, 1902.

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METHOD OF COMBUSTION OF OIL AND GAS MIXTURES.

Application filed April 19, 1902. Serial Ho. 103,726.

To all whom it "may concern:

Be it known that I, lluoson MAXIM, of 891 Sterling Place, 'Broolrlyn,county of Kings, city and State of New York, have in-.

\ is provided, normally filled with water, the

chamber being preferably interposed in the path of the water supplyto'the boiler or other vessel to be heated, forming a part of I the saidwater conduit, whereby is maintained a comparatively low temperature ofthe water in the said burner. Passing through the-burner chamber areprovided small tubes or vapor conduits of such numher as may besufficient to supply the necessary vapor or mixed vapor or gases and airto the flame, all as hereinafter explained, and the size of the tubesmust be sufliciently small, and their length sufficiently great toeffectually prevent the passage of the flame through them to ignite thegas and air mixture, at the inlet end of the burner.

Referring to the drawings, Figure l is a sectional elevation of theburner and an elevation partly in section of appurtenant apparatus incombination with which it may be employed for heating a boiler. Fig. 2is a plan view of an engine,'air pump and air and oil reservoir, showingthe said burner in section as an inlet port for mixed air and vapor toan engine cylinder.

Referring to Fig. 1, A is a steam boiler,

, used for producing steam for cooking purposes, the steam producedwithin the boiler escaping through a pipe B, shown in dotted lines, andthrough a superheating coil C, under the boiler, where the steam issuperheated, thence passing upward in a highly superheated state throughthe vertical e2:- tcnsion D, of the pipe (l, shown in dotted lines, tothe point of use here shown as a steam oven E of any suitableconstruction, superimposed upon the boiler, while the products ofcombustion from the burner pass upward through a tube G, shown 1n dottedlines, to any suitable place where heat is to be used such as around anoven throu h a channel not shown in the drawings, t e steam and theproducts of combustion both escaping at the valve H at the top of theoven.

A supply reservoir of oil, J is connected with a spraying device K,compressed air contained in the chamber J over the oil being utilizedfor spraying the oil, thereby producing in the chamber L. a mixture ofoil spray and air, which is'forced upward through the small tubes M. ofthe burner chamber about which Water is made to circulate through thepipe N. from the reser-. voirI. to the boiler A, the water supply'to theboiler A being maintained atthe'proper altitude by a float valve notshown, The air Specification of Letters Patent. Patented NOV. 29, 1919.Y'-

and oil mixture is ignited at'the burner F,

which consists of the openings of the pipes M, about which ppeningsasbestos'O is pro vided, to facilitate in the ignition of the oil andair mixture, and maintain the-streamof the same alight. -After theboiler A has become heated by the burner supplied with oil and air fromreservoir J, the valves T and U are turned to cut oil this supply offuel and valves R, Q, and R" opened, A

portion ,of the escaping superheated steam now enters the coil S Whereit mixes with the oil delivered to the coil through 'oil supply pipe R.The oil-is forced rapidly through the heated coil' S by the superheatedsteam assisted by the pressure inres'ervoir J, and is vaporized andpartially decpmposed, forming a'small percentage of water gas, theformation of soot being thus prevented within the coil S. The mixture ofsteam and oil flow together with greatvelocity through pipe S, valve Rand spraying device-K, which now becomes an injector, sucking air inatthe openings V, producing in the chamber L a mixture of hot steam, oilvapor and air, but not at: a temperature so high as to reach theignition point. The air, steam and oil vapor mixture, is now forced upthrough the pipes lift to the burner F, and any additional air which mayhe dcsired to produce a perfectly blue hotl flame maybe admitted throughopenings W. A portion of the air, oil and steam mixture may be takenfrom the chamber L. through the valve X to the chamber Y, where it issupplied in the same manner as already described to theburnerZ, forheating the.

water in the'reservoir I.

Referring to Fig. 2, a, designates a combined air and oil reservoirsimilar to that of l for the reservoir 4.

Fig. 1. Air is admitted from the chamber a, through a pipe 7), and oilis simultaneously; admitted through a pipe 0. to an injector andspraying device (Z, not shown in detail, to and through a port 6, to thechamber L, and through the burner chamber f to the'burner proper F,Within the cylinder of the engine.

' The small size of the pipes M, and the fact that they are surroundedby water, prevents the flame at F from passing backward to the chamberL, even though an explosive mixture of air and oil vapor be maintainedat L. and supplied under great pressure to the burner F, and at apressure necessarilyin excess of the pressure generated by thecombustion at the burner F in the engine cylinder. By means of a properignition. device, or sparking device, of any usual and desirable form.the air and oil vapor in proper, proportions for ,complete combustion,which are forced from the chamber L. through the pipes M. to the burnerF., may be ignited atthe burner F. and continuously as fast as thestream of the same enters into the engine cylinder to the burner F,Whereby, due to the increased volume of the heated products ofcombustion, the piston of the engine it. will be forced violentlyforward until the inlet port 6. is closed and the supply of compressedair and oil vapor is shut off and the port 2' is opened for the escapeof the products of combustion. An air pump j. is provided forcompressing the air It is obvious thatthe available power of this enginewill be equivalent to the excess above that consumed in the friction ofthe parts and in the compression of the air necessary for the combus-Lion of the oil or gas vapor.

The engine cylinder may be Water jacketed and the Water to the saidwater jacket may be supplied by passing it through the bi'lrner chamberand around the pipes M.

lVhat is claimed is:-

1. A process of the character described. consisting in superheat-iug amoving body of commingled steam and oil, introducing air into saidmoving body, subdividing the fluid mixture into a plurality of streamsand cooling the latter in proximity to the zone of combustion. I

2. A process of the character described, the steps consisting insuperheating a rapidly moving body of commingled oil and steam, mixingair with the resulting prod uct on its Way to the zone of combustion.subdividing the last-named mixture into a plurality of streams, coolingthe sa1ne, a-n l maintaining said streams lighted in the zone ofcombustion by means of refractory fibrous material. 0

In testimony whereof I, HUDSON MAXIM, have signed this specification inthe presence of two subscribing witnesses.

HUDSON MAXIM.

Witnesses:

REEVE Lnwis, WM. B. KERKAM.

